Legalization of Hemp Farming for Agricultural and Textile applications in The United States.

Legalization of Hemp Farming for Agricultural and Textile applications

in The United States.

There are many textile and agricultural uses for hemp. In this paper I will discuss the uses of hemp seed oil for gas in combustion engines. Also, I will talk about how hemp can be used for all sorts ropes, twine, paper products and fabrics and how it can be grown without the use of pesticides, or herbicides, and requires little fertilizer, which is good for the environment. I will also give some brief history, and review the differences between, industrial hemp and marijuana. This essay will give the reader a better understanding of what industrial hemp can do not only for the farming and textile industries but for the well being of country and the people who live in it as well.

Hemp and Marijuana do come from the same plant (Cannabis Sativa) but are different in a few ways. One being the psychoactive ingredient Delta9 Tetrahydrocannabinol, or more commonly know as T.H.C. The level of T.H.C in industrial hemp is less than one percent where Marijuana is a much higher percent somewhere around 30 to 40 percent. Hemp cannot be consumed for a psychoactive effect. The physical differences are that hemp grows lean and tall, up to six meters with a canopy of flowers. Where as Marijuana grows to only one meter and is bushy with resinous buds.

Hemp in the 18^th century was such a valued commodity that Tomas Jefferson, the ambassador to France at the time, illegally smuggled Chinese hemp seeds to the colonies. Later these seeds where hybridized to make the famous Kentucky strain of hemp. In a letter to his farm manager George Washington wrote “Make the most you can of the Indian hemp. Sow it everywhere”(Kane, Mari). When Christopher Columbus sailed to the new world, it was hemp sails that brought him here. Up until the early 1900's thousands of acres of hemp were being grown all over the Midwest; and was being treated like any other crops and required no licensing to grow. However, in 1931 all this would change, with one man by the name of Harry Anslinger. Harry Anslinger was appointed head of the Bureau of Narcotic and Dangerous Drug by the chief financial backer for DuPont, Andrew Mellon; Mellon was also Anslingers future uncle- in- law.

DuPont viewed any advances in the hemp industry as a threat. In 1937 Anslinger introduced a Marijuana Tax Act witch meant farmers had to have license to grow hemp. After Anslinger testified that Marijuana was a dangerous drug that made adolescence and anyone else who indulged in it would become extremely violent. The Marijuana Tax Act was passed by congress even after many protests from the American Medical Association and many others. In 1938 the government began distributing the Marijuana Tax stamps. This put Hemp and Marijuana in the hands of the DEA who classified both as schedule one drug according to the federal list of controlled substances. In spite of the “Hemp for Victory” slogan during world war II, in 1957 industrial hemp farming was put to rest.

During the time hemp was being used in the U.S it was used to make sails, ropes, clothes, even the uniforms worn by the soldiers where made from hemp. According to Mike Beirne “ Hemp has been on the rise since the U.S. Government ruled it was not a controlled substances in 2004.”(Mike Beirne). As a result many small companies are developing a multitude of textile applications for hemp. Unfortunately hemp must be imported to the U.S because it's still illegal to grow for industrial uses hear in the U.S. In today's consumer market, hemp can be found in all sorts of products which include paper, inks, ropes, clothes, plastics, oils, cosmetics, cars and many more. According to an article in USA Today, “hemp-filled walls are non-toxic, mildew-resistant, pest -free and flame resistant.”(Wendy Koch). Hemp homes are affordable, even when importing hemp can be expensive. One of the ways to build hemp homes, witch is being done in Asheville North Carolina is by making a mixture of four parts ground hemp to one part lime and one part water, sounds a lot like concert right that's because basically it is. Just like concert you build a frame and fill it up let set, pull frame and wall la. This technique was in an experimental stage in 2010. ” The owners of the first hemp home say it cost $133 a square foot to build, not including land and excavation.”(Wendy Koch). Imagine if industrial hemp farming was legal in the United states. All the homes lost in hurricane Katrina and other natural disasters could have been rebuilt cheep and efficiently and because no skilled labor is needed, anyone with a construction background can use the mixture to build homes. Think of how much money the government could have saved instead of sending a check once a month we could have been building hemp homes instead of F.E.M.A villages. We could have been making cheep warm clothes too.

Then there's the issue of the worlds forests being cut down largely for paper consumption. In September of 1994 the Wall Street Journal published an article stating that “ The annual worldwide consumption of paper has risen from 14 million tons in 1913 to over 250 million tons in the 1990s.”( John W. Roulac. Pg.18) It's now 2011 that's 12 years later and I can only imagine that consumption has gone up, way up. Imagine a tomorrow where our kids have no trees to climb, no clean air to breathe and no forests to hick or camp in. Now if you imagine a tomorrow with hemp, there is no need to cut down a forest for paper. Hemp makes a better paper because hemp is around 77 percent cellulose and wood pulp is only about 30 percent and has to be processed with chemicals that are toxic to the environment. The paper industry is a multi billion dollar industry and would continue to be even if they made the switch to hemp. Who knows they might even make more. Hemp is a great in between crop, after harvesting a crop of hemp the soil is free of weeds for the next crop. Another benefit of industrial hemp is hemp's ability to enhance soil. Because hemp grows so thick and tall, the soil stays cooler. As the hemp grows the leaves fall to the ground, mimicking a self-mulching forest ecosystem. leaving an ideal growing medium. Industrial hemp is ideal for ropes and twines because of it's long tough fibers. Hemp can even be made into a delicate fabric for fine linen and cloths, and because hemp is so cheep to grow and relatively easy to process, the product's made from it should be inexpensive.

“ Imagine a crop more versatile than the soybean, the cotton plant, and the Douglas fir combined—one whose products are interchangeable with those made from timber, cotton, or petroleum; one that grows like jack's beanstalk with minimal tending. Industrial hemp is such a crop.”(John W. Roulac. Pg 10.) Up until this point I have only discussed the history, housing, and textiles. In the process of making things out of industrial hemp you are left with a bi-product or bio-mass.

This bio-mass can be burned to make energy. The seeds from this highly versatile plant can be ground into a substances know as seed mill, and because the seeds contain large amounts of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids the seed mill can be fed to live stock and can even be substituted for flour and consumed by humans. Seeds from Industrial Hemp also supplies a renewable bio-fuel. There are two kinds of fuel that can be made from the hemp plant. One is hemp bio-diesel that is pressed out of the seeds, and the other is hemp ethanol/methanol which is made from the fermented stalk. In an article written 2010 from the University of Connecticut author Christine Buckley writes “ the Hemp bio-diesel showed a high efficiently of conversion – 97 percent of the hemp oil was converted to bio-diesel – and it passed all laboratory's tests, even showing properties that suggest it could be used at lower temperatures than any bio-diesel currently on the market.”( Christine Buckley). Here's something to consider imagine your a small time farmer you have some livestock that includes a few milk cows, a few meet cows, some pigs, goats and chickens, also a large garden for food. If you plant a few acres of industrial hemp you could feed the livestock, run the farm equipment, make paper and clothes. Hell you could even make the house and barn from hemp.
It seems to me that industrial hemp is a way to solve many problems that the U.S. Is facing. From one plant comes sustainable housing, a plethora of textile products, a carbon neutral fuel, ropes, fabrics, cloths, and livestock feed. It seems unfair that the testimony of one man in the 1930s, “Harry Anslinger” has kept hemp illegal even with many states legalizing marijuana for medical use. Therefore we can hope that the law's becoming more and more lenient, and hopefully with some campaigning we can get industrial hemp legalized here in the united states.

Harley Monroe 5

Beirne, Mike. "Hemp Milk Hopes for Smoking Sales." Brandweek 47.45 (2006): 30. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 14 May 2011

Buckley Christine “ Hemp Produces Viable biodiesel, study finds.” 6 October 2010 web

article.

Kane, Mari. "The Movement to Legalize Industrial Hemp." Marijuana. Ed. Joseph Tardiff.

Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Contemporary Issues Companion. Gale Opposing

Viewpoints In Context. Web. 24 May 2011.

Koch, Wendy. "On cutting edge of building green homes -- with hemp." USA Today 13

Sept. 2010: 04A. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 24 May 2011.

Roulac W. John “ Hemp Horizons, The Comeback of the World's Most Promising Plant.”

1997

Chelsen Green Publishing Company.

Review of The Woman In Black.

I chose this movie because i like a good scary movie, and i rely like Daniel Radcliffe and hoped he would do something other than The Harry Potter movies.

Originally a horror fiction novel by Susan hill about a menacing specter that hunts a small English town foreshadowing the death of children. In 1987 just four years after the release of the book, Stephen Mallatratt adapted this chilling story into a stage play that was well received. 

The basic plot of this story is a classic, you got the creepy old house outside a small town in the middle of nowhere. Add some ghosts and creepy kids and done. The movie starts kinda messed up, three little girls are having a tee party when they all get up and jump out of the window, seconds later you here the mother screaming. I was hocked like two minutes in. After the intro there's some background on Radcliffe's character which i have a very hard time seeing "Harry Potter " as a single dad I think it will take a long time for me not to see a dorky little wizard. His acting is defiantly gotten better and it was nice to see that he wasn't type cast.   

The only outer movie I've seen by detector James Watkins was Descent Part 2 and it was kinda bad, OK it was rely bad. (The first one was way better.) This movie kinda reminds me of the others and the the orphan, but that might just me.
All tho this was a PG-13 movie i feel more 20 to 30 year old's will enjoy this movie as well. Most pg 13 movies are not that good or scary, but this one was both. I rely liked this  movie, even with the stubborn, ignorant hill people cliche. I think the part where  Radcliffe pulls the body from the mud will stick with me good stuff right there.I think that the cinematography was one of the strengths, a few times something would jump out and scare the hell out of me, man i love that. Overall i relay enjoyed this movie a lot, one of the weaknesses, I thought it could be a little shorter but was not overly long. As far as detector James Watkins's work goes, i have only seen the two movies, and this is the best so far.
The critics have mixed feelings some liked it and some did not like it, but know one rely hated it or rely liked it. Most complaints where about the music being what made it scary as one blogger says on Eonline.com review
"  The scare tactics in the first half rely too heavily on amping the music up to 11. The visuals are genuinely creepy on their own, and the punched-up score can be grating."

Read more: http://www.eonline.com/news/movie_reviews/movie_review_woman_in_black_plenty/291684#ixzz1nEZgYnQh        

     After watching this film I think I would watch more films from this detector and my friends would as well.
In closing I only have one more thing to say.
 you will pay for the whole set, but you will only need the edge.

A look At The History Of Digital Sampling

What is digital sampling? Digital sampling is when someone takes a small part of somebody's song, usually only a few seconds in length, then writes a new song around that sample. For example, Eric B & Rakim's song “Keep the beat" was sampled from Isaac Hayes song “Joy”. The Wu Tang Clan's song “M.e.t.h.o.d Man” was the hook from the Hall & Oates song “Method Of Modern Love”.  One of the easiest samples to recognize  is Vanilla Ice's song “Ice Ice Baby” which is sampled from Queen and David Bowie's hit song “Under Pressure”.

 In the early 70's DJ Kool Herc would loop funk break beats at block parties in the Bronx. The break was the part of a song where just the drums would play, but only for a few seconds. So the DJ would use two records and mix between them to prolong the break, so an M.C. could rap over the top of the break. However, sampling did not become widely used until the 80's when rap and hip hop producers like Grandmaster Flash started to produce records using sampled breaks rather than live studio bands, which is what musicians did up until that point. 
In 1985 with the release of the E-MU SP-1200 drum machine and sampler, a wonderful new world of sampling was now available at the rap and hip hop producers finger tips. In the next five years  many albums would be released. Of these albums, three would be released that used E-MU SP-1200 in the production of them, forever changing the way that hip hop was produced. Those albums are as follows: Beastie Boys,”Paul's Boutique”, Public Enemy, “fear of a Black Plant” and Da La Soul,”Three Feet High and Rising.” Because of albums like these the digital sampling laws have became harsher, and  albums like these will never be able to be produced in today's industry. Digital sampling laws  require all samples used to be cleared, and it would just cost the industry way too much. For example, some one hundred and five songs where sampled in the production of  Paul's Boutique. The total cost just to clear all the samples used in this album was a quarter of a million dollars which is low compared to today's standards.
Up until 1991 hip hop and rap producers weren't too concerned with sampling laws, but in December of 91 Grand Upright Music filed a lawsuit against Warner Bros. Records Inc. Grand Upright Music claimed that in Biz Markie's third album “I Need a Haircut,” he samples a portion of Gilbert O'Sullivan's song “Alone Again Naturally”( http://youtu.be/D_P-v1BVQn8)for his song “Alone Again” (http://youtu.be/4EKKa5a1FAE)without permission. Warner Bros. Claimed that Grand Upright did not own valid copyrights in the sampled song. Despite this,  Grand Upright was able to produce documentation that Gilbert O'Sullivan had in-fact transferred rights to Grand Upright. Warner Bros retorts by saying this unapproved sampling was common in the industry. In the end Grand Upright Music won, and because of this hip hop producers where forced to be more creative with there samples thus hip hop was changed forever   (http://youtu.be/LsAjmtKLz2M)
I don't agree with the court's decision. With the exception of the piano sample and Biz's use of the lyrics “Alone again naturally” it seems to me that Biz Markie's version of the song is an obvious parody which means it falls under the “Fair use Doctrine.” The fair use Doctrine permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holder. For example, fair use includes criticism, research and obvious parody’s, to name a few. Courts are looking for three things when reviewing Fair use. 1) You did not take a large amount of the original work. 2) You transformed the sample in some way. 3) No significant financial harm came to the copyright owner.
Because of the  Grand Upright Music lawsuit against Warner Bros. Records Inc, so many hip hop and rap artists and DJ's  have taken the art of sampling to the next level and beyond. They dig harder to find samples that no one knows; they tweak the samples so no one knows what the hell there listening to. If any thing I think it's made hip hop grow to a new level.


Part 2. The Pros and Cons of Digital Sampling


Digital Sampling is a great way to make new music from old music. For example, I can sample the drum beat from one song and a bass line from another and write a new song using those samples. Writing music this way can be a lot of fun and challenging. One could spend all day or even a week finding just the right sample to use, and because of digital sampling laws there's a few things to look at before you start sampling all willy nilly. 
  If your a small time producer you might not be able to pay the outrages sampling fee's, so there are a few was to get around them at least wile your a small time musician. If you plan to make copies of your music and distribute them to the public you run the risk of getting caught, no matter how small time you may be. However, if you only sell your music at shows on a local level and don't produce more than one thousand CD's the owner of the sampled song would unlikely be aware of your samples.
By playing live shows your in the clear just don't record the show and distribute copies. The owner of the venue will have payed for a  Blanket Licensing fee. This fee gives free access to music users without extensive, long-term planing. A blanket license grants permission of holders of copyrights, composers, songwriters, and publishers all in one fell swoop, theirs is no negotiation necessary, and licensing becomes a snap. Thus you can play and sample what ever you want with no fear of a lawsuit. When distributing a CD of your work with uncleared samples on it make sure that the samples are not easily recognized by the average listener. The samples used should not be used in the hook or melody if at all possible, and don't ever use the source samples title in the title of your song.
Having said this, I believe in giving credit when credit is due and will always give credit to the owner of samples used in my work. I believe that musicians being sampled in most cases have made quit a bit of money over the coarse of their careers and have no right to complain. Unfortunately most of the time it's the production company's and record labels that throw a fit when someone uses a sample that came from musicians on there company's  label. This seems utterly absurd for many reasons, one of which being they have multiple artists in there “collection” that enables them to make ridiculous amounts of money. Why should I have to pay for a 3 sec sample that I'm going to chop up and make a new song out of? Why is it that it costs more to use a 3 to 10 sec sample, they it dose to just do a cover of the song? 
The digital sampling laws are out of date and need to be brought up to today's standards. With the technology getting better and faster it's getting easier for the “average listener” to produce there own music. Maybe it's not the laws that need changing, maybe it's the multimillion dollar record labels that need to be looked at. The fair use Doctrine states  that if no significant financial harm comes to the copyright owner then your in the clear. What is classified as significant financial harm to a  multimillion dollar record label anyway. Their need's to be some sort of compromise made, I think if something uses a sample to make a new song than as long as credit is given then whats the harm.
Now if I put on the shoes of a famous musician with a privileged lifestyle custom to nice house, lots of cars, new clothes, maids that clean up and cook for me. I find out that some new musician has sampled one of my song and his album just went platinum. Now because of my record contract I only get 10 to 15% royalty's on each album sold. If each album sells for $15.00 I make $1.50 an album and to top it all off record labels produce ten's of thousands of albums each year and only a small percentage of  those albums go gold or platinum. I have a 1 in 20% chance of producing a hit album. So when my music gets sampled and those samples aren't cleared I go to court and get my money I need to be able to support my lifestyle.
A common misconception is that musicians make a ton of money, they don't its a fount. Most  record compromise give there artiest advances before an album comes out so they have cash for  whatever. Sure touring with your band you can promote your album and hope for record sales to go up.
You can hope for good radio play, going on live TV for a late night show these are all ways to promote your album. Album sales are the only way to make any good money in the music business. It's easy to see why musicians like James Brown, Isaac Hayes and  George Clinton would be mad its' hard being a musician every one wants you to do something your on the road, in the studio on the road again . All for money. So please don't sample me its hard to make money and your making it even harder .                 
                

This ad is for the Finnish beatboxer Filex ziengers new album. Felix has been beatboxing sense the young age of 16. I like this ad first and foremost, because it's rad beatboxing. Second I believe it has very good product placement for a youtube based ad.   

The first thing I noticed was his shoes and that they are Enties, a popular skate shoe. Then i noticed some speakers, but i cant quite make out what kind they are. Up next, the Shure SM58 the holey grail of beatboxing microphones. These two products are shown several times throughout this video, at first i thought it was an add for the shoes or the mic but after i watched it a few times i realized it was for his new album. This ad was posted in the summer of 2007 i first saw it in the spring of 2010 wile looking for videos on beatboxing. This is the only video for this album that i could find and i don't believe this ad to be part of a larger campaign but i could be wrong. If this where an ad for TV it's way to long at 2min and 24 sec, and would not be as effective if it where shorter.

I think that the persuasive technique used for the shoes its bandwagon for sure, but the microphone is famous-persons on a small level because Felix in not global star but famous enough. This ad uses the association principle. This ad defiantly takes advantage of this by drawing a mental line between product and desirable qualities like success and attractiveness. IE he has nice shoes, hat and a place to practice.  

This ad recycles old ideas but with a new twist. Beatboxing has been around since the late 70s and has been associated with hip hop so the idea of hip hop selling shoes is no new thing, and could be seen as a stereotype that hip hop sell's things like shoes. I think that the audience is wide range from 14 to 25 years of age the reason being that beatboxers are in that age bracket. This sort of ad can be appealing to a large audience and will not likely offend anyone because it's fun to watch.      

This ad was effective because Felix demonstrates his skill and you want to keep watching so you see the shoes and microphone a lot. He also tells you where to go for his album. http://felixzenger.com/   

It's very memorable he is very good at what he dose, it's 

uniqueness draws you in. I was thinking of buying a new 

microphone and after watching this video i bought the Shure SM58

and i love it.

.http://www.shure.com/americas/products/microphones/sm/sm58-vocal-microphone  

I learned that if not a lot is said about a product it can still be

effective. It was really surprising how many times they show his

shoes  

   

http://www.humanbeatbox.com/forum/content.php